Dietary habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality related to coffee consumption of college students in Incheon / 한국영양학회지

The purpose of this study is to investigate the food habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality with regard to coffee consumption of college students in Incheon. The data were collected with a self-reports questionnaire with a total of 190 subjects, comprised with 101 male and 89 female college students. We classified these subjects into three groups using percentile of coffee intake to assess the nutrients intake and dietary quality. The correlations among coffee intake, food habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality were evaluated. The average coffee intake of male and female college students were 156.8 mL and 157.4 mL, respectively. The coffee preferences with respect to specialty coffee were caramel macchiato, cafe latte, americano, cafe mocha, and cappucino in male college students, and caramel macchiato, americano, cafe mocha, cafe latte, and cappucino in female college students, in preference order. The coffee intake motivation score of the high 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake was higher than that of the low 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake in emotion motivation and utilitarian motivation. The highest scores were 'flavor and aroma' in emotion motivation, and 'prevention of sleepness' in utilitarian motivation. The average food habits score of "I often eat the natural food" was significantly higher in the low 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between coffee intake and 'I purchase the processed food after examining nutrition labels' of food habits score (r = 0.280; p < 0.01) in female college students. The energy intake of the high 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake was significantly higher in that of the moderate 1/3 percentile group according to coffee intake in male college students (p < 0.05). Therefore, it may be necessary for college students to undergo a well-planned nutrition education regarding proper coffee intake, choice of coffee, energy intake related to coffee intake, and dietary habits.

Dietary effect of red ginseng extracts mixed with torilis fructus and corni fructus on the epidermal levels of ceramides and ceramide related enzyme proteins in uv-induced hairless mice

UV-irradiation is a major factor of photo-aged skin, by which pigmentation, wrinkles and laxity are increased. In addition, the epidermal barrier is disrupted, ultimately causing dryness in photo-aged skin. As an effort to search dietary sources for improving the dryness of UV irradiated skin, the dietary effect of red ginseng based functional foods on the epidermal level of ceramides, a major lipid maintaining epidermal barrier, was determined in this study. Albino hairless mice were fed either a control diet [group UV (UV-irradiated control)] or diets with 0.5% (group M0.5) or 1% (group M1.0) of red ginseng extracts mixed with Torilis fructus and Corni fructus (66.7% red ginseng) in parallel with UV irradiation for 5 wks. A normal control group (group C) was fed a control diet without UV irradiation for 5 wks. The epidermal level of ceramides in group UV was significantly lower than that in group C, in which ceramidase, an enzyme involved in ceramide degradation, was highly expressed. In group M0.5, the epidermal level of ceramide was significantly increased to the level even higher than in group C. In addition, protein expression of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), a key enzyme involved in de novo ceramide synthesis, was increased in group M0.5. However the epidermal levels of ceramides as well as of ceramidase protein expression in group M1.0 did not differ from those in group UV. In conclusion, we demonstrate that dietary supplementation of red-ginseng extracts mixed with Torilis fructus and Corni fructus at a level of 0.5% level in diet increased the epidermal level of ceramides coupled with the elevated expression of SPT protein.

Seasonal and gender differences of beverage consumption in elementary school students

The purpose of this study was to compare the beverage consumption by gender and season in elementary school children and to investigate the role of beverage consumption patterns on their daily nutrient intakes and BMIs. Beverage consumption and dietary energy intake in 160 elementary school students in the Gyeongnam area were measured by a beverage frequency and quantity questionnaire and three 24-hour dietary recalls during winter and summer. The number of drinking moments per month, the amounts of beverage per day, and the energy from beverage consumption were not different between winter and summer. In summer, the contribution of energy from sweetened beverage to the daily energy intake in girls accounted for 13.5% which was significantly higher compared to 7.7% in boys. In girls, the consumption of health beverage showed a significant correlation with various nutrient intakes in winter. Meanwhile, the sweetened beverage intake was negatively correlated with energy, protein, vitamin A and niacin intake in summer. Consumption of most of the beverages, including sweetened beverages, were not related with BMI in both sexes and both seasons, except functional drinks which were related with BMI in boys in winter.

Development and Application of Online Education on Death / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an online education on death, 'successful life, and beautiful death' for university students and to evaluate students' changes regarding perception of self and death. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design was used with one experimental group pre-post test. Subjects were 154 students who enrolled for online education about death for 16 weeks. SPSS/WIN 12 was used for analyzing data. RESULT: The results of the study clearly indicated this class had positive effects on students' perception of death-related concepts, attitudes toward death, and self-concept, showing statistically significant higher scores in post-tests than in pre-tests. In addition, the result of class evaluations showed a positive response, CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that this online education about death was effective to change students' perceptions of death related knowledge, attitude toward death, and self-concept. Recommendations for further studies were provided.

Types of Students' Death Attitudes Majoring in Human Service Area: Q-Methodological Approach / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze death attitudes of students majoring in the human service area, such as nursing science, education, and social welfare. METHOD: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. The 38 selected Q-statements from each of 42 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. RESULT: Four types of death attitudes for research subjects in nursing, education, and social welfare areas were identified. Type I is fatalistic admission, Type II is pursuit of existential life, Type III is uncertainty of life after death, and Type IV is separation-connection between life and death. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that different approaches of death educational programs are recommended based on the four types of death attitudes.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation on Pain Behaviors in Rats with an Experimental Neuropathy

OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) on pain-like behaviors developed in rats with an experimental neuropathy. METHOD: Neuropathic surgery was done by a unilateral ligation of L5 and L6 spinal nerves of the rat. Allodynic behavior was examined by measuring foot withdrawal frequency in response to 10 applications of a von Frey filament (2.5 g) to the plantar surface of the foot. Ongoing pain behavior was examined by measuring cumulative time in 3 min that the rat lifted its foot off a plate held at cold temperature (5oC). TENS (square pulses; 3 Hz, 30 mA) or MENS (bipolar pulses; 10 Hz, 300 microampere) was applied for 15 min or 5 min, respectively, to the skin of the affected foot. RESULTS: Behavioral signs of mechanical allodynia and cold-induced ongoing pain had developed after nerve injury. Either TENS or MENS, when applied once, alleviated allodynic behavior, lasting up to 2 hrs. Such an alleviation lasted much longer when TENS or MENS was applied repeatedly (once a day for 6 days); 3 days by TENS and 1 day by MENS. Cold-induced ongoing pain behavior, however, was not affected by the repeated application of either TENS or MENS. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that both TENS and MENS are useful tools for the treatment of mechanical allodynia. Repeated application of TENS or MENS is more effective in alleviating mechanical allodynia than its single application. Either TENS or MENS, however, seems not effective in alleviating cold-induced ongoing pain.

Prognosis of Bacterial Meningitis based on Cerebrospinal Fluid Culture

PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to assess whether the results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture are related to prognosis. METHODS: Subjected to this study were 51 cases admitted to our department who had been diagnosed as bacterial meningitis. They were divided into two groups, Group l (20) with positive CSF culture and Group ll (31) with negative outcome, then both groups were compared. RESULTS: Group l cases tended to be younger than Group ll cases. The male/female ratio was 1.2 in Group l and 1.6 in Group ll. Laboratory findings of CFS were not significantly different in either groups, except for the glucose level, which was markedly lower in Group l than in Group ll. The causative organisms identified from CSF culture were E. coli (5), group B Streptococcus (4) and S. aureus (1) among the 10 cases aged under 2 months. On the other hand, S. pneumoniae were isolated in 7 and H. influenzae in 3 among the 10 older cases. Mortality rate and the incidence of complications were higher in Group l than in Group ll. Mortality rate as related to the causative organism was highest with E. coli, followed by group B Streptococcus, H. influenzae. CONCLUSION: Bacterial meningitis cases with positive CSF culture have significantly lower glucose concentration in the CSF, and also higher rates of mortality and incidence of serious complications than those with negative culture.

A Case of Congenital Tuberculosis woth Massive Ascites and Pleural Effusion / 대한주산의학회잡지

We experienced a case of congenital tuberculosis infected in utero, who had been found to have massive ascites and pleural effusion on routine ultrasonography at the 39 weeks' gestation. The emergency C-section delivered a male neonate weighing 2,050 g with poor condition and in severe respiratory distress. He was the first child born of a 27-year-old woman, who was diagnosed as having tuberculous pleurisy after delivery. Detection of acidfast bacilli in gastric aspirates obtained from the newborn as well as the clinical features and maternal history confirmed the diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis. Though rare, congenital tuberculosis requires early detection and treatment because of its severity and high mortality. A brief review of the relevant literature was made.